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In fact, there seems to be just one book around printed in Gaelic type with punctum delens, but using a modern spelling - Niall Ó Dónaill's Na Glúnta Rosannacha. Modern spelling can be used with the Gaelic typeface and punctum delens, but this is extremely rare - mostly you can count on all books in Gaelic type being in the old spelling. Thus, it was cluttered with mute letters. The Gaelic typeface and punctum delens are strongly linked with the older spelling, which was less phonetic than the spelling we use today, and more about being historically correct. The Old Spelling and Punctum Delens | An Seanlitriú agus an Ponc Séimhithe Gaelaċ (Gaelach), the adjective meaning "Gaelic" Corcaigh, the name of the city of Cork With the ease of use of true type fonts on PCs the old fonts, known as "seanchló" (Old Type) or Cló Gaelach (Gaelic Type) have undergone a renaissance. The Gaelic script is still used decoratively. Eventually these fonts were replaced by Latin fonts for practical reasons, and the punctum delens was replaced by a 'h' after the consonant. These included the punctum delens, a dot over a consonant letter, such as ċ or ġ, to indicate a séimhiú. Gaelic Type used special marks to indicate sounds that were not well represented with Roman letters. There were very few books published in Irish until the Irish Language Revival started in the late 19th/early 20th Century. This was a font based on the handwritten letters found in medieval manuscripts. Ogham is interesting culturally but not relevant for most modern Irish students.įrom the 16th century until the end of the 1940s, most Irish language books were printed in what is now known as Gaelic Type. For more information, see the Wikipedia article on Ogham.
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The oldest known Irish writing uses Ogham, an early alphabet that resembles tally marks. The names of the vowels with accents take the formula "name of vowel" + " fada, thus the name " Ciarán would be spelled out loud as "C, I, A, R, A-fada, N". Some sources distinguish 'diacritical marks' (marks upon standard letters in the AZ 26-letter alphabet) from 'special characters' (letters not marked but radically modified from the standard 26-letter alphabet) such as Old English and Icelandic eth (Ð, ð) and thorn (uppercase Þ, lowercase þ ), and ligatures such as Latin and Anglo-Saxon. The letters are usually called by their English names, except that the letter a is called "ah". In addition to these letters others are used in words borrowed from other languages. "Sú" means juice so it would not be possible to translate "zoo" with the letter S. An example of this would be the Irish word for "zoo" which is "zú" even though the Irish alphabet lacks a letter Z. There are, however, some instances where letters outside the normal 18 letter alphabet are used. They denote both a longer pronunciation and a different vowel quality: Variations of a, e, i, o and u written with an acute accent (Irish: Síneadh fada or just fada for short) also exist in Irish. The basic alphabet consists of 18 letters:Ī, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u Wikipedia has related information at Gaelic script
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2.2.1 The Old Spelling and Punctum Delens | An Seanlitriú agus an Ponc SéimhitheĪlphabet | An Aibítir.